{ "generatedAtUtc": "2026-09-08T00:00:00Z", "trackCount": 9, "tracks": [ { "track": "compute", "retrievedDate": "2026-09-07", "source": "Epoch AI Notable AI Models; annual running maximum of training-compute estimates rated Confident or Likely", "sourceUrl": "https://epoch.ai/data/ai-models", "sourceUrls": [ { "title": "Epoch AI Models database", "url": "https://epoch.ai/data/ai-models" }, { "title": "Epoch estimation methodology", "url": "https://epoch.ai/data/ai-models-documentation/estimation" }, { "title": "Epoch confidence definitions", "url": "https://epoch.ai/data/ai-models-documentation/records" } ], "sourceVersion": "Notable AI Models CSV downloaded 2026-09-07; download page reported updated 2026-08-04", "sourceCoverage": [ 1950, 2025 ], "endpointStatus": "Latest non-speculative frontier change: GPT-4.5 (2025-02-27); the source contains later records through 2026, but none exceeds it", "licence": "Creative Commons Attribution (Epoch AI)", "file": "compute.json" }, { "track": "energy", "retrievedDate": "2026-09-07", "source": "Energy Institute Statistical Review of World Energy 2026 and Smil (2017), combined by Our World in Data; project proxy before 1800", "sourceUrl": "https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/global-primary-energy-by-source", "sourceUrls": [ { "title": "Global primary energy by source — Our World in Data", "url": "https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/global-primary-energy-by-source" }, { "title": "Statistical Review of World Energy 2026", "url": "https://www.energyinst.org/statistical-review" } ], "sourceVersion": "Energy Institute Statistical Review 2026 / OWID update 2026-06-30", "sourceCoverage": [ -10000, 2025 ], "endpointStatus": "Latest complete annual total energy supply estimate in the source: 2025", "licence": "OWID chart CC BY 4.0; underlying Energy Institute and Smil terms apply", "file": "energy.json" }, { "track": "extinction", "retrievedDate": "2026-09-07", "source": "Andermann et al. (2020) global mammal posterior extinction dates plus Cooke et al. (2023) exactly dated bird extinctions; project 100-year cumulative bins", "sourceUrl": "https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abb2313", "sourceUrls": [ { "title": "Andermann et al. 2020 — Science Advances", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abb2313" }, { "title": "Cooke et al. 2023 — Nature Communications", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-43445-2" } ], "sourceVersion": "Frozen local extracts audited 2026-09-07; no newer compatible release identified", "sourceCoverage": [ -10000, 2025 ], "endpointStatus": "Final plotted point is the midpoint of the 2000–2025 bin, not an observation made in 2013", "licence": "CC BY 4.0 (both cited articles); local extracted inputs retain their source attribution", "file": "extinction.json" }, { "track": "gdp", "retrievedDate": "2026-09-07", "source": "Eurostat, OECD, IMF and World Bank (2026), Maddison Project Database 2023, and Maddison Database 2010, combined by Our World in Data", "sourceUrl": "https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/global-gdp-over-the-long-run", "sourceUrls": [ { "title": "Global GDP over the long run — Our World in Data", "url": "https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/global-gdp-over-the-long-run" }, { "title": "Maddison Project Database 2023", "url": "https://www.rug.nl/ggdc/historicaldevelopment/maddison/releases/maddison-project-database-2023" }, { "title": "World Development Indicators", "url": "https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators" } ], "sourceVersion": "OWID global GDP, last updated 2026-07-29", "sourceCoverage": [ 1, 2025 ], "endpointStatus": "Latest annual estimate in the current combined series: 2025", "licence": "OWID chart CC BY 4.0; underlying-source terms apply", "file": "gdp.json" }, { "track": "lifespan", "retrievedDate": "2026-09-07", "source": "Riley (2005), Zijdeman et al. (2015), Human Mortality Database 2025, and UN World Population Prospects 2024, combined by Our World in Data; project proxy before 1770", "sourceUrl": "https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/life-expectancy", "sourceUrls": [ { "title": "Life expectancy — Our World in Data", "url": "https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/life-expectancy" }, { "title": "UN World Population Prospects 2024", "url": "https://population.un.org/wpp/" }, { "title": "Human Mortality Database", "url": "https://www.mortality.org/" }, { "title": "World Bank life-expectancy aggregation methodology", "url": "https://databank.worldbank.org/metadataglossary/world-development-indicators/series/SP.DYN.LE00.IN" } ], "sourceVersion": "OWID long-run life expectancy, last updated 2025-10-22", "sourceCoverage": [ -10000, 2023 ], "endpointStatus": "Latest complete annual estimate in the current source: 2023", "licence": "OWID chart CC BY 4.0; underlying-source terms apply", "file": "lifespan.json" }, { "track": "polities", "retrievedDate": "2026-08", "source": "Editorial curation, conventional scholarly dates (reviewed 2026-08). Inclusion test: a single sovereign ruling conquered, culturally distinct populations across territory substantially larger than its core, with conventional start and end dates. Right edge: the last territorial empires dissolve 1945-1997 (decolonisation, USSR 1991, Hong Kong 1997); modern nation-states and post-1945 hegemonic orders are excluded — see docs/debate-rbio-empire-2026-08.md for the reasoning. 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(2014) ice-volume-equivalent reconstruction, Church and White/UHSLC modern series via Our World in Data, and AVISO+ reference satellite-altimetry extension", "sourceUrl": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1411762111", "sourceUrls": [ { "title": "Lambeck et al. 2014", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1411762111" }, { "title": "AVISO+ reference global mean sea level", "url": "https://www.aviso.altimetry.fr/en/data/products/ocean-indicators-products/mean-sea-level.html" }, { "title": "AVISO+ processing and corrections", "url": "https://www.aviso.altimetry.fr/en/data/products/ocean-indicators-products/mean-sea-level/processing-and-corrections.html" }, { "title": "AVISO+ reference observations (text)", "url": "https://data.aviso.altimetry.fr/aviso-gateway/data/indicators/msl/MSL_Serie_MERGED_Global_AVISO_GIA_Adjust_Filter2m.txt" }, { "title": "AVISO+ data attribution", "url": "https://data.aviso.altimetry.fr/aviso-gateway/data/indicators/msl/AVISO_readme_msl_files.txt" } ], "sourceVersion": "AVISO+ merged reference GIA-adjusted, seasonal signals removed, 2-month filter; file updated 2026-09-05, retrieved 2026-09-08", "sourceCoverage": [ -9946, 2025 ], "endpointStatus": "Latest complete annual mean: 2025; partial 2026 observations excluded", "licence": "Source terms vary: PNAS supplementary material; AVISO+ data with attribution to EU Copernicus Marine Service/CNES/LEGOS/CLS", "file": "sea-level.json" }, { "track": "temperature", "retrievedDate": "2026-09-07", "source": "Temperature12k (Kaufman et al. 2020), PAGES 2k (2019), and Copernicus ERA5 via Our World in Data, spliced and rebaselined by the project", "sourceUrl": "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/29712", "sourceUrls": [ { "title": "Temperature12k — NOAA NCEI", "url": "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/29712" }, { "title": "PAGES 2k — NOAA NCEI", "url": "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/26872" }, { "title": "Annual temperature anomalies — Our World in Data / ERA5", "url": "https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/annual-temperature-anomalies" } ], "sourceVersion": "Temp12k and PAGES 2k frozen project inputs; OWID ERA5 last updated 2026-08-21", "sourceCoverage": [ -10050, 2025 ], "endpointStatus": "Latest complete annual ERA5 value: 2025, rebaselined to 1961–1990", "licence": "Source terms vary: NOAA archive, PAGES 2k paper/data terms, and Copernicus C3S attribution requirements", "file": "temperature.json" } ] }